Quartz • Macrocrystalline Quartz

Citrine

Pale yellow, honey gold, to warm Madeira orange-brown.

SiO₂ + Fe³⁺Mohs 7.0 Mohs

Mineralogical & Gemological Profile

Mineral Family	Quartz
Mineral Species	Macrocrystalline Quartz
Gemological Variety	Citrine
Chemical Composition	`SiO₂ + Fe³⁺`
Crystal System	Trigonal
Mohs Hardness	7.0 Mohs
Specific Gravity	2.65
Refractive Index	1.544 – 1.553

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Color Characteristics & Optical Behavior

Pale yellow, honey gold, to warm Madeira orange-brown.

Geological Context & Pakistani / Global Localities

Natural unheated citrine forms in hydrothermal veins and granitic pegmatites; much commercial citrine is produced by heating amethyst or smoky quartz.

Collector Interest & Rarity Factors

Unheated natural citrine crystals with smoky-golden zoning are considerably rarer than heat-treated material and prized by collectors.

Fine Jewelry Applications

Durable Mohs 7 gemstone suited for statement rings, pendants, and warm-toned gold settings.

Treatment Considerations & Disclosure

Heat treatment of amethyst to produce citrine is very common in the trade and must be transparently distinguished from natural unheated citrine.

Care & Cleaning Instructions

Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush; avoid sudden thermal shock.

Traditional Meaning

Traditional Symbolism & Cultural Heritage

Historically referred to as the 'Merchant's Stone', symbolizing warmth, abundance, and creativity. November birthstone.

Note: Cultural and birthstone traditions are presented strictly as historical folklore, never as scientifically verified medical or metaphysical effects.

Quartz